What is the net force acting on the golf ball?
The answer to this question relates to Newton's first law of motion. In this situation, there are balanced forces acting upon the golf ball therefore the net force acting on the ball is zero. The downward pull of the earth's gravity on the ball is balanced by the upward force of the tee on the ball.
What are the forces that affect the speed of a golf ball?
Some of these forces include: gravity, aerodynamic drag, and aerodynamic lift. Each force acts independently on the moving golf ball. For a greater distance to be achieved, one needs to increase the acceleration of the ball by increasing the force with which the ball is struck or swinging the club faster.
What would happen if there was no force on a golf ball?
If there was no force of friction, air/wind resistance or force of gravity, which are all considered unbalanced forces, the golf ball would continue flying through the air forever rather than falling back down to the ground. Newton's Second Law of Motion is proven through the way the golf ball flies through the air.
What is the force acting on the ball during impact?
For simplicity, assume the ball motion is planar (two-dimensional). As shown in the above figure, the horizontal force F is the friction force acting on the ball due to contact with the surface, during impact. This force F is the cause of the velocity and spin (rotation) reversal.
How does momentum affect golf?
The impact between a club and the ball produces equal and opposite forces, demonstrating Newton's Third Law of Motion, and also transfers momentum from the club to the ball. "Science of Golf" is produced in partnership with the United States Golf Association and Chevron.
Does net force cause change in momentum?
The net or resultant force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of momentum. We can therefore say that because a net force causes an object to change its motion, it also causes its momentum to change.
What is the momentum of a golf ball?
0:061:56Elephant vrs Golf Ball Momentum - A level Physics - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipSo firstly just a quick recap or is momentum while momentum emerged in kilogram meters per second isMoreSo firstly just a quick recap or is momentum while momentum emerged in kilogram meters per second is the product of mass. In kilograms. Times by velocity which is in meters per second.
How does net force connect to momentum?
Newton actually stated his second law of motion in terms of momentum: The net external force equals the change in momentum of a system divided by the time over which it changes. The change in momentum is the difference between the final and initial values of momentum.
What causes momentum changes?
Hence, the change in one quantity can cause a change in momentum. That means, if you increase or decrease an object's mass, then its momentum changes. Similarly, the momentum also changes when you increase or decrease its velocity.
What are the two factors that affect the momentum?
What two factors affect an object's momentum? Momentum is affected by the mass of the object and its velocity (or speed).
When a golf club hits a golf ball correctly describes the change in momentum of the club compared to the change in momentum of the ball?
Thus the impulse experienced by the club and the ball is the same in magnitude. We know that the impulse is equal to the change in momentum of the object. Thus the change in the momentum of the club is equal to the change in the momentum of the ball.
How is the resulting change in momentum affected?
If the force is constant while the time of impact is doubled, the impulse is doubled and the resulting change in momentum is doubled.
How can an elephant and a golf ball have the same momentum?
If the elephant shifts its trunk a bit, its center of mass would change. It is hot hard to imaging it giving its trunk a leisurely wave such that it briefly has momentum equal to a flying golf ball.
How does momentum affect collision?
Momentum is of interest during collisions between objects. When two objects collide the total momentum before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision (in the absence of external forces). This is the law of conservation of momentum. It is true for all collisions.
Why is momentum important in sport?
Momentum keeps your team's confidence high and helps your players find the zone. However, momentum doesn't always go your way. Sometimes, your team can lose momentum after experiencing a setback such as the referee making a bad call or the other team making a key play.
How is it related to momentum?
In terms of an equation, the momentum of an object is equal to the mass of the object times the velocity of the object. where m is the mass and v is the velocity. The equation illustrates that momentum is directly proportional to an object's mass and directly proportional to the object's velocity.
What is the force of golf?
Forces in golf. Golf is a game of forces. The harder and cleaner you can hit the ball, the farther the ball will go, resulting in a better shot. The best players in the world (Tiger Woods, Bubba Watson, etc.) are able to hit the ball with an applied force of up to 174 m/h, which is equivalent to 280 km/h. We will focus on how Newton's Laws are ...
Why is the net force of a ball east?
If the ball is hit to the East, the net force will be East due to the fact that the force applied is greater than the force of static friction. To find the net force of the object, one must find the variables of mass and acceleration. For sake of argument, the mass of the ball is the maximum it can be at 46 g (0.046 kg).
Why does the golf ball stay at rest?
If the golfer never hits it off the tee or the wind never picks up enough to blow the ball off the tee, the object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force (club or wind). This is due to the object having its own inertia.
What is the law of inertia?
This is also known as the law of Inertia. One way in which this law is proven through the sport of golf is when the ball is hit off the tee ( Image 1 ). In this case, the golfer is the unbalanced force and the golf ball is in a state of rest on the tee. If the golfer never hits it off the tee or the wind never picks up enough to blow ...
What is the inertia of a golf ball?
Finally, inertia is shown when the ball is on a projectile trajectory through the air. If there was no force of friction, air/wind resistance or force of gravity, which are all considered unbalanced forces, the golf ball would continue flying through the air forever rather than falling back down to the ground.
How is Newton's second law of motion proven?
Newton's Second Law of Motion: Newton's Second Law of Motion is proven through the way the golf ball flies through the air. Newton's law states that the net force of an object (Fnet) is equivalent to the object's mass (m) multiplied by the object's acceleration (a). In other words, Fnet = ma. This is clearly present in the ball's path ...
What is the free body diagram for when the ball rests on the tee?
There is a force of gravity pushing down on the object 100% of the time and a force of the normal pushing back upward with the equal and opposite force of the gravitational force.
What is the result of a relatively large average force being exerted on the ball for a relatively long time
The large impulse was the result of a relatively large average force being exerted on the ball for a relatively long time. You exerted the smallest impulse on the ball when you used only your wrist. The ball's momentum didn't change very much, and the ball left your hand with the slowest velocity. The small impulse was the result ...
What causes a change in momentum?
An impulse will cause a change in momentum, and thus a change in velocity, in the direction of the force. If you want to change the velocity of an object in a specific direction, the force you apply, or some component of that force, must be in that specific direction.
How to throw a balloon without breaking?
Fill several balloons with water so that each one is about the size of a softball. Take these balloons outside to an empty field or empty parking lot. Now, see how far you can throw one without having it break in your hand. If you exert too large a force against the balloon, it will break. To throw the balloon far, you must maximize the duration of force application during the throw while limiting the size of the force you exert against the balloon so that it doesn't break. Don't constrain your technique to what you perceive as normal throwing styles. Remember, the best technique will be the one in which you accelerate the balloon for the longest possible time while applying the largest (but non-balloon-breaking) force against the balloon.
How to throw a ball faster?
This is not a very effective technique, is it? Now try to throw the ball again, only this time use your elbow and wrist. Move only your hand and forearm, and keep your upper arm and the rest of your body still. This technique is better, but it still isn't very effective. Try it a third time using your wrist, elbow, and shoulder. Move only your hand, forearm, and upper arm, and keep the rest of your body still. This technique is an improvement over the previous one, but you could still do better. Try it a fourth time throwing as you normally would with no constraints. This throw was probably the fastest. In which throw were you able to exert a force against the ball for the longest amount of time? For the shortest amount of time?
Why are shot putters so successful?
Baseball pitchers and javelin throwers are not as strong. They're successful because their techniques maximize the duration of force application ( Δt in impulse).
What is the task of throwing?
The task in many sport skills is to cause a large change in the velocity of something. In throwing events, the ball (or shot, discus, javelin, or Frisbee) has no velocity at the beginning of the throw, and the task is to give it a fast velocity by the end of the throw. We want to increase its momentum.
Which is more important, throwing a lighter object or throwing a heavier object?
But in throwing a lighter object, technique (duration of force application) is more important for success, whereas in throwing heavy objects, the force applied is more important. Compare baseball pitchers and javelin throwers to shot-putters. Shot-putters are bigger and stronger.
What is the only force acting on the ball?
However, since the ball is no longer deformed it has essentially zero contact force with the surface. This means that the only force acting on the ball is gravity.
How does the horizontal velocity of a ball change direction?
This results in the horizontal velocity component of the ball (parallel to the surface) to change direction and point towards the right, after impact. In order for the ball velocity and spin to reverse direction it is necessary to have a high coefficient of friction between ball and surface.
What is the stage where the ball falls vertically downward?
Let's further assume that the ball has uniform density, which means that point C of the ball coincides with its center of mass. Stage 1. In this stage, the ball falls vertically downward under the influence of gravity ( g ). The velocity V points downward. The acceleration a also points downward.
What is the special case of a bouncing ball?
Special Case Of Bouncing Ball Physics. The physics of a bouncing ball can become particularly interesting for certain cases. For example, certain types of balls (such as SuperBalls) can be given a backspin and (after the bounce) the velocity and rotation of the ball will reverse direction.
What is the magnitude of a ball?
The magnitude of a is equal to g, in the absence of air resistance. (Note that the acceleration due to gravity is g = 9.8 m/s 2, on earth). Stage 2. In this stage, the ball begins to make contact with the surface. It continues to fall vertically downward under the influence of gravity.
What stage of acceleration is the ball barely touching the surface?
This means that the acceleration a is still pointing upward. Stage 6. In this stage, the ball is barely touching the surface.
What does it mean when the ball has deformed sufficiently?
This means that the ball has deformed enough such that it's pushing against the surface with a force greater than its own weight. As a result, the acceleration a is pointing upward. Stage 4.
Why do golf balls spin?
So if the ball spins as it moves it’ll drag the air around it a little, which leads to air rotating around the ball, which makes the air on one side move faster than the air on the other , which leads to a lower pressure on one ...
Which way does the ball move when it is turning counterclockwise?
So, in your example, when the ball is turning counter-clockwise it pulls the air around its left side a little faster. So overall the air is passing the ball on the left a little faster. However, due to the spin, a point on the right side of the ball feels the air passing faster.
What happens when you combine the flow of air around a ball with the flow of air past a ball?
If you combine the flow of air rotating around a ball, with the flow of air past a ball, then the result is a faster flow past one side and a slower flow past the other side. In this example there is less pressure on the top than the bottom. So how can you induce air to rotate around a ball in the air?
What is the Bernoulli effect?
This effect is called the Bernoulli effect or, in certain cases, the Venturi effect. If you combine the flow of air rotating around a ball, ...
What happens when a spinning ball is stationary?
If it were stationary but spinning, it would be dragging air to the left at the top, and to the right at the bottom (left ball). Add the two together, and the spin speeds up the air passing over the top, and slows down the air passing under the bottom (right ball). Result – it rises up (or at least drops less slowly).
Is air velocity related to the spinning ball?
It’s not simple at all. The air velocity RELATIVE TO THE SPINNING BALL is higher on the side spinning into the flow, e.g., on top for top spin. This causes the turbulent boundary layer (insured by the rough surface) to separate earlier on that side than the other.
Does air move faster over the top surface of a ball?
In your diagram above, the air is moving faster over the top surface of the ball. In your diagram, it says there is less pressure on the top. That makes sense so far. But, less pressure on the top would tend to make the ball stay in the air longer. That’s the reverse of what is said in the last paragraph.
What happens to momentum when velocity is doubled?
So if velocity is doubled, the momentum is also doubled . kinetic energy = 1/2 mass * velocity^2 . So if velocity is doubled, the kinetic energy is quadrupled. A car has the same kinetic energy when traveling north as when it turns around and travels south.
What is drag function?
Drag is a function based on the drag coefficient and velocity of the object. Since the drag coefficient is constant, and velocity will always be possitive, the object will continue to deccelerate or slow down indefinitely. No matter how slow the object gets, it will never stop entirely because drag decreases with speed.
Why are lumps warmer after colliding?
The lumps are warmer after colliding because the initial kinetic energy of the lumps transforms into thermal energy. Momentum has only one form. There is no way to "transform" momentum from one form to another, so it is conserved. But energy comes in various forms and can easily be transformed.
What is the mass of block A?
In the pulley system shown, block A has a mass 10 kg and is suspended precariously at rest. Assume that the pulleys and string are massless and there is no friction. No friction means that the tension in one part of the supporting string is the same as at any other part. Discuss why the mass of block B is 20 kg.
Why is work done by each the same?
Work done by each is the same because they reach the same height. The one who climbs in 30 seconds uses more power because work is done in a shorter time. When a rifle with a longer barrel is fired, the force of expanding gases acts on the bullet for a longer distance.
When is potential energy a maximum?
The Kinetic energy is a maximum as soon as the ball leaves the hand. Potential energy is a maximum when the ball has reached its zenith. Suppose that you and two classmates are discussing the design of a roller coaster. One classmate says that each summit must be lower than the preceding one.
Can energy be regenerated?
Once used, energy cannot be regenerated, for it dissipates into less useful forms in the enviornment-inconsistent with the term "renewable energy" Renewable energy refers to energy derived from renewable resources-trees, for example. Consider the identical balls released from rest on tracks A or B, as shown.