Who invented the game of golf?
A Brief History of Golf The game of golf as we know it today can be attributed to the Scots, although there are records of several stick and ball games throughout history. As far back as the 13 th century, the Dutch played a game where a leather ball was hit with the intention of reaching a target several hundred yards away.
Who was the first person to play golf internationally?
There is also a story that Mary, Queen of Scots played there in 1567. James VII of Scotland, while still Duke of Albany, was said to have played the first international golf contest in 1681 when he participated in a game against two English courtiers as part of a bet over rights to claim the game for Scotland or England.
What is the origin of golf in Scotland?
A spokesman for the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, one of the oldest Scottish golf organisations, said "Stick and ball games have been around for many centuries, but golf as we know it today, played over 18 holes, clearly originated in Scotland.".
What is the history of golf in Africa?
In the early 1770s, the first golf course in Africa was built on Bunce Island in Sierra Leone by British merchants. The Royal Calcutta Golf Club (1829), the Mauritius Gymkhana Club (1844) and the club at Pau (1856) in south western France are notable reminders of these excursions and are the oldest golf clubs outside of the British Isles.
When was the Persian Gulf discovered?
Study and exploration. The Persian Gulf area was well known by early local navigators and from the beginning of the 16th century by Portuguese, British, and Dutch traders.
Who writes the Arabian Gulf?
And more recently, in 2018, the American writer Rick Sneder's memoir 3001 Arabian Days chronicled his family's life in the Aramco Company town of Dhahran from 1953-1962.
How was the Persian Gulf formed?
The Persian Gulf basin is a wedge-shaped foreland basin which lies beneath the western Zagros thrust and was created as a result of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian plates.
What was Persian Gulf called in ancient times?
bitter seaPrior to the stationing of the Aryan Iranians on Iran's Plateau, the Assyrians named the sea in their inscriptions as the "bitter sea" and this is the oldest name that was used for the Persian Gulf.
Who named the Persian Gulf?
The ancient geographers Strabo and Ptolemy called this stretch of water the Persian Gulf – a name that has persisted into modern times. Starting in the 1960s, though – and linked to the rise of nationalism – states on the Arab side began calling it the "Arabian Gulf" (al-Khaleej al-Arabi in Arabic).
Why is it called gulf?
A gulf is a large inlet from the ocean into the landmass, typically with a narrower opening than a bay, but that is not observable in all geographic areas so named. The term gulf was traditionally used for large highly-indented navigable bodies of salt water that are enclosed by the coastline.
Is it the Arabian Gulf or Persian Gulf?
The National Geographic Society uses the name Persian Gulf to refer to this body of water. In 2004, the society published a new edition of its National Geographic Atlas of the World using the term "Arabian Gulf" as an alternative name (in smaller type and in parentheses) for "Persian Gulf".
Is Saudi Arabia a gulf country?
Overview. The Gulf Cooperation Council countries – Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates – are important markets for EU agricultural exports. The EU exports mainly: cereal preparations.
Is Persia an Arab country?
Iran and Turkey are not Arab countries and their primary languages are Farsi and Turkish respectively. Arab countries have a rich diversity of ethnic, linguistic, and religious communities. These include Kurds, Armenians, Berbers and others.
How deep is the Arabian Gulf?
The Gulf covers area of approximately 87,000 square miles, with a maximum depth of about 330 feet and an average depth of about 115 feet.
How many countries are in gulf?
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), political and economic alliance of six Middle Eastern countries—Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman.
Why Iran is not a gulf country?
Given its location in the Middle East, Muslim majority, and language which resembles Arabic, Iran is often mislabeled as an Arab nation. A cognate of “aryan,” Iran means “land of the Aryans” and is excluded from the list of Arab League nations in the Middle East/North Africa region.
Who was the first person to play golf?
The earliest known instructions for playing golf have been found in the diary of Thomas Kincaid, a medical student who played on the course at Bruntsfield Links, near Edinburgh University, and at Leith Links. His notes include his views on an early handicap system. In his entry for 20 January 1687 he noted how "After dinner I went out to the Golve", and described his Golf stroke:
When was golf invented?
A golf-like game is, apocryphally, recorded as taking place on February 26, 1297, in Loenen aan de Vecht, where the Dutch played a game with a stick and leather ball. The winner was whoever hit the ball with the fewest strokes into a target several hundred yards away. Some scholars argue that this game of putting a small ball in a hole in ...
Where did golf originate?
The modern game of golf is generally considered to be a Scottish invention. A spokesman for The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, one of the oldest Scottish golf organisations, said "Stick and ball games have been around for many centuries, but golf as we know it today, played over 18 holes, clearly originated in Scotland." The word golf, or in Scots gowf [gʌuf], is usually thought to be a Scots alteration of Dutch " colf " or " colve " meaning " stick, " club ", " bat ", itself related to the Proto-Germanic language *kulth- as found in Old Norse kolfr meaning " bell clapper", and the German Kolben meaning " mace or club". The Dutch term Kolven refers to a related sport where the lowest number of strokes needed to hit a ball with a mallet into a hole determines the winner; according to the "Le grand dictionnaire françois-flamen" printed 1643 is stated the Dutch term to Flemish: "Kolf, zest Kolve; Kolfdrager, Sergeant; Kolf, Kolp, Goulfe."
How did golf evolve?
The evolution of golf can be explained by the development of the equipment used to play the game. Some of the most notable advancements in the game of golf have come from the development of the golf ball. The golf ball took on many different forms before the 1930s when the United States Golf Association (USGA) set standards for weight and size. These standards were later followed by a USGA regulation stating that the initial velocity of any golf ball cannot exceed 250 feet per second. Since this time, the golf ball has continued to develop and impact the way the game is played.
When was the first round of kolf played?
In December 1650, the settlers of Fort Orange (near present-day Albany, New York) played the first recorded round of kolf (golf) in America. The Dutch settlers played kolf year round. During the spring, summer and fall it was played in fields. In the winter it was played on ice with the same rules.
What are the factors that contributed to the evolution of golf?
Another notable factor in the evolution of golf has been the development of golf clubs. The earliest golf clubs were made of wood that was readily available in the area.
What is the oldest golf course in Europe?
The Royal Calcutta Golf Club (1829), the Mauritius Gymkhana Club (1844) and the club at Pau (1856) in south western France are notable reminders of these excursions and are the oldest golf clubs outside of the British Isles. The Pau Golf Club is the oldest in continental Europe.
When was the Persian Gulf founded?
In 550 BC , the Achaemenid Empire established the first ancient empire in Persis ( Pars, or modern Fars ), in the southwestern region of the Iranian plateau. Consequently, in the Greek sources, the body of water that bordered this province came to be known as the "Persian Gulf".
Who ruled the southern shores of the Persian Gulf?
For most of the early history of the settlements in the Persian Gulf, the southern shores were ruled by a series of nomadic tribes. During the end of the fourth millennium BC, the southern part of the Persian Gulf was dominated by the Dilmun civilization.
What is the name of the body of water that flows through the Gulf of Oman?
The Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline. The body of water is historically and internationally known as the "Persian Gulf".
How is the Persian Gulf connected to the Indian Ocean?
The Persian Gulf is connected to the Indian Ocean through the Strait of Hormuz. Writing the water balance budget for the Persian Gulf, the inputs are river discharges from Iran and Iraq (estimated to be 2,000 cubic metres (71,000 cu ft) per second), as well as precipitation over the sea which is around 180 mm (7.1 in)/year in Qeshm Island. The evaporation of the sea is high, so that after considering river discharge and rain contributions, there is still a deficit of 416 cubic kilometres (100 cu mi) per year. This difference is supplied by currents at the Strait of Hormuz. The water from the Persian Gulf has a higher salinity, and therefore exits from the bottom of the Strait, while ocean water with less salinity flows in through the top. Another study revealed the following numbers for water exchanges for the Persian Gulf: evaporation = –1.84 m (6.0 ft)/year, precipitation = 0.08 m (0.26 ft)/year, inflow from the Strait = 33.66 m (110.4 ft)/year, outflow from the Strait = -32.11 m (105.3 ft)/year, and the balance is 0 m (0 ft)/year. Data from different 3D computational fluid mechanics models, typically with spatial resolution of 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) and depth each element equal to 1–10 metres (3.3–32.8 ft) are predominantly used in computer models.
How long did the Portuguese rule the Persian Gulf?
Colonial era. See also: Portuguese rule and British residency of the Persian Gulf. Portuguese influence in the Persian Gulf lasted for 250 years ; however, since the beginning of the 16th-century, Portuguese dominance contended with the local powers and the Ottoman Empire.
What is the name of the Gulf War?
It is the namesake of the 1991 Gulf War, the largely air- and land-based conflict that followed Iraq 's invasion of Kuwait . The Persian Gulf has many fishing grounds, extensive reefs (mostly rocky, but also coral ), and abundant pearl oysters, but its ecology has been damaged by industrialization and oil spills .
What is the Persian Gulf?
Arab governments refer to it as the "Arabian Gulf" ( Arabic: اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ , romanized : Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī) or "The Gulf". The name "Gulf of Iran (Persian Gulf)" is used by the International Hydrographic Organization.
Who was the leader of Egypt during the Gulf War?
Alarmed by these actions, President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt initiated negotiations between Iraq and Kuwait in an effort to avoid intervention by the United States or other powers from outside the Gulf region. Hussein broke off the negotiations after only two hours, and on August 2, 1990 ordered the invasion of Kuwait.
Who was the leader of the Persian Gulf War?
Aftermath of the Persian Gulf War. Iraqi president Saddam Hussein ordered the invasion and occupation of neighboring Kuwait in early August 1990. Alarmed by these actions, fellow Arab powers such as Saudi Arabia and Egypt called on the United States and other Western nations to intervene.
Who condemned the invasion of Kuwait?
Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait & Allied Response. U.S. President George H.W. Bush immediately condemned the invasion, as did the governments of Britain and the Soviet Union.
Who owns YAM golf?
In 2012 Bob founded YAM Worldwide under which he owns and operates more than a dozen companies, including PXG (Parsons Xtreme Golf), Scottsdale National Golf Club, Harley-Davison of Scottsdale, GO AZ Motorcycles, SNEAKY BIG, YAM Properties and YAM Capital. A self-proclaimed golf nut, Bob founded PXG in 2014 with the sole intent to design ...
Who is the founder of Parsons Xtreme Golf?
A MESSAGE FROM BOB PARSONS. Parsons Xtreme Golf was founded in 2014 by billionaire and GoDaddy founder Bob Parsons who wanted to prove he could get more out of his golf equipment. With revolutionary patented technology, the world's finest materials, and zero cost or time restraints, PXG products would be golf clubs without compromise.
Who is the founder of GoDaddy?
OUR FOUNDER. Bob Parsons, possibly best-known as the founder of GoDaddy, is widely recognized for his entrepreneurial and philanthropic efforts. Currently, Bob is the founder and CEO of YAM Worldwide, which is home to his entrepreneurial ventures in the fields of golf, motorcycles, real estate, finance, marketing, innovation and philanthropy. .
Golf in Nepal: Raising the game
Sherpa has a chance to break new ground for Nepalese golf. For a girl whose family home has no running water -- who first played golf with makeshift wooden clubs cut from trees lining her home course -- the chance to play at an elite level could be life-changing.
Same sport, different game
While this life may appear an anomaly within the sport of golf as most know it, Sherpa shares the same dreams and heroes as any aspiring professional.
Who invented the golf tee?
Golf history also shows that Dr. George F. Grant of Boston invented the wooden golf tee in 1899 and had the good sense to take out a patent on it. Grant never marketed his invention and never earned a penny from his intellect. The basic model of his golf tee is still used today.
How many golf courses were open to black people in 1939?
Estimates show that of the more than 5,000 golf facilities in the United States in 1939, fewer than 20 were open to Black players. The National celebrated its 50th anniversary in 1976 at Torrey Pines in San Diego.
Did African Americans play golf?
African Americans' involvement in golf has included some who held administrative positions and others, like Joe Bartholomew of New Orleans, who built courses themselves. Bartholomew's white friends were so impressed with his skills as a greens keeper that they sponsored him in architect school in New York, yet the New Orleans society refused ...
Did black golfers have access to courses?
Once Black golfers had access to courses, once the PGA opened its tournaments, the need for separate events became a thing of the past. With the assent of Tiger Woods and his golf game comes an increased interest and participation from young minorities in the game.
Who invented the game of golf?
As far back as the 13 th century, the Dutch played a game where a leather ball was hit with the intention of reaching a target several hundred yards away. The winner would be the player who reached the ...
When were golf rules invented?
Developing Rules for the Game. The oldest recorded rules for the game date back to the year 1744, where The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers published “Articles and Laws in Playing at Golf.”.
What is the longest golf club in the world?
This ancient piece of golf history, which now remains in the National Library of Scotland, gave fame to the Muirfield club being the longest surviving club in the history of golf.
When was the South Carolina Golf Club founded?
A shipment of golf equipment to Charleston, South Carolina in 1739, aided in the founding of the South Carolina Golf Club in 1787 and an advertisement for golf clubs and balls in the Royal Gazette of New York City in 1779.
When did golf become popular in England?
By 1880, golf had spread to Ireland, many other parts of Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Singapore, and South Africa. Meanwhile, back in Britain, the game enjoyed increased popularity. By 1880, England had 10 golf courses, which rapidly increased to 1000 by 1914.
When was golf banned in Scotland?
Scottish History of Golf. The game is first mentioned in an Act of Scottish Parliament in 1457, which called for it to be banned alongside football. King James II of Scotland prohibited the playing of games as it was a distraction from military training, and he felt perfecting archery would be a more worthwhile sporting pursuit.
Who was responsible for the spread of golf?
Scottish soldiers, immigrants, and expatriates played a pivotal role in the history of golf. They were responsible for spreading the game around the British Isles during the 18 th century. However, it wasn’t until the 19 th century that the game started to gain an international presence.
Background of The Persian Gulf War
Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait & Allied Response
- U.S. President George H.W. Bush immediately condemned the invasion, as did the governments of Britain and the Soviet Union. On August 3, the United Nations Security Council called for Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait; three days later, King Fahd met with U.S. Secretary of Defense Richard “Dick” Cheney to request U.S. military assistance. On August 8, the day on which the Iraqi govern…
The Gulf War Begins
- On November 29, 1990, the U.N. Security Council authorized the use of “all necessary means” of force against Iraq if it did not withdraw from Kuwait by the following January 15. By January, the coalition forces prepared to face off against Iraq numbered some 750,000, including 540,000 U.S. personnel and smaller forces from Britain, France, Germany, the Soviet Union, Japan, Egypt and …
War on The Ground
- By mid-February, the coalition forces had shifted the focus of their air attacks toward Iraqi ground forces in Kuwait and southern Iraq. A massive allied ground offensive, Operation Desert Sabre, was launched on February 24, with troops heading from northeastern Saudi Arabia into Kuwait and southern Iraq. Over the next four days, coalition forces encircled and defeated the Iraqis an…
Who Won The Persian Gulf War?
- With Iraqi resistance nearing collapse, Bush declared a ceasefire on February 28, ending the Persian Gulf War. According to the peace terms that Hussein subsequently accepted, Iraq would recognize Kuwait’s sovereignty and get rid of all its weapons of mass destruction (including nuclear, biological and chemical weapons). In all, an estimated 8,000 to 10,000 Iraqi forces wer…
Aftermath of The Persian Gulf War
- Intended by coalition leaders to be a “limited” war fought at minimum cost, it would have lingering effects for years to come, both in the Persian Gulf region and around the world. In the immediate aftermath of the war, Hussein’s forces brutally suppressed uprisings by Kurds in the north of Iraq and Shi’ites in the south. The United States-led coalition failed to support the uprisings, afraid th…