What did John Reed do for golf?
John Reed founded the St. Andrew’s Club (one of the founding clubs in the USGA) in Yonkers, New York in 1888. Elizabeth Reed founded Saegkill G.C. for women nearby. According to Lagle, John Reed is a pivotal figure who brought the game from Scotland and truly established it in America.
What is the John Reed Club?
In October 1929, the John Reed Club was founded by eight staff members of the New Masses magazine to support leftist and Marxist artists and writers. They included: Mike Gold, Walt Carmon, William Gropper, Keene Wallis, Hugo Gellert, Morris Pass, and Joseph Pass.
Where did Reed go when he was found?
In March, he crossed into Helsinki, where he had radical friends, including Hella Wuolijoki, the future politician and member of parliament. With their help, he was hidden in the hold of a freighter. On 13 March, Finnish customs officials found Reed in a coal bunker on the ship.
What is the history of golf in the US?
history of golf. In golf: The United States and Canada Its progenitor was John Reid, a Scot from Dunfermline who became known as “the father of American golf.” Reid, on learning that fellow Scot Robert Lockhart was returning to the old country on business, asked him to bring back some golf clubs and balls.
When and where did golf originate?
The modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland. The 18-hole round was created at the Old Course at St Andrews in 1764.
When did golf start in Scotland?
The first record of golf in Scotland dates back to the 15th century. In 1457, golf was banned by parliament as it was seen as a distraction from military training.
Who actually invented golf?
Charles Blair MacDonald, who attended St. Andrews University and learned the game at the St. Andrews Golf Links, is considered the father of American golf course architects. In 1893, MacDonald built the Chicago Golf Club, which was the country's first 18-hole course.
Who is the father of golf?
Old Tom MorrisOld Tom MorrisFull nameThomas Mitchell MorrisNicknameOld Tom, The Grand Old Man of GolfBorn16 June 1821 St Andrews, Fife, ScotlandDied24 May 1908 (aged 86) Memorial Cottage Hospital, St Andrews11 more rows
Where did Scotland invent golf?
Golf originated from a game played on the eastern coast of Scotland, in an area close to the royal capital of Edinburgh. In those early days players would attempt to hit a pebble over sand dunes and around tracks using a bent stick or club.
Who started golf in Scotland?
James VII of Scotland, while still Duke of Albany, was said to have played the first international golf contest in 1681 when he participated in a game against two English courtiers as part of a bet over rights to claim the game for Scotland or England.
What does golf stand for?
The word 'golf' is not an acronym for anything. Rather, it derives linguistically from the Dutch word 'kolf' or 'kolve,' meaning quite simply 'club.
Did Scots invent golf?
The most widely accepted theory is that the modern game of golf originated in Scotland in the High Middle Ages. The first golf courses and clubs were established in the country. The first written rules originated in Scotland, as did the establishment of the 18 hole course.
Did the Dutch invent golf?
Some scholars suggest that Dutch sailors brought the Dutch game to the east coast of Scotland where it eventually became the game we know today. The Dutch are also credited with bringing the game to America.
How old was Old Tom Morris when he died?
86 years (1821–1908)Old Tom Morris / Age at death
Who was Tom Morris?
From its inception in 1860, Tom competed annually in the Scottish Open Golf Championship, winning the title four times (1861, 1862, 1864 and 1866). In 1863 he brought the family back to St Andrews, became greenkeeper of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club and established his club making business and shop in the town.
What is Tom Morris Jr net worth?
# 367 Tom Morris $6.47B.
Early life
Reid was born circa 1870 in Scotland and emigrated to the United States.
Golf career
Reid finished in tenth place in the 1895 U.S. Open, held on Friday, 4 October, at Newport Golf Club in Newport, Rhode Island. Horace Rawlins won the tournament which was the first playing of the U.S. Open. He won by two strokes ahead of runner-up Willie Dunn. Reid carded rounds of 100-106=206 and did not receive any prize money for his effort.
Death
Reid died at his home in Yonkers, New York on 8 October 1946 at the age of 76.
When did golf start?
Historians believe that early versions of golf — such as the aforementioned ball and stick games and early Dutch precursors to golf— arose in America between 1650 and 1660 in upstate New York.
Who brought the game of golf to America?
According to Lagle, John Reed is a pivotal figure who brought the game from Scotland and truly established it in America. Lagle also pointed to Bobby Jones, who, even as he remained an amateur for his entire career, won the Grand Slam in 1930, and co-founded Augusta National during his retirement.
What was golf played in Scotland?
Golf during this period was mostly played in informal and very friendly games at match play in Scotland, and the links were public land. These courses were often where livestock such as sheep and goats were kept as well, as these animals served as that generation’s agronomists and lawn mowers.
Why was the Scottish game of golf banned?
According to Lagle, the Scottish king felt the game distracted Scotland’s citizens from military practices and archery practices — as soldiers would routinely skip their training to get in a round on the links.
Where did the word "golf" come from?
Etymologically speaking, “golf” was derived from either the Dutch work kolf or kolve, which simply translates to “club.”. But then, as Lagle notes, in the Scottish dialect of the late-14th and early-15th century, the Dutch term became goff or gouff. It was only later in the 16th century when the word “golf,” spelled the way we all know it now, ...
When did golf become a word?
It was only later in the 16th century when the word “golf,” spelled the way we all know it now, appeared. “The connections between the Dutch and Scottish terms are evidence of the active trade industry between Dutch ports and the ports on the east coast of Scotland, from the 14th-17th centuries,” Lagle said.
When did golf originate?
“Early ball and stick games can be traced back to the 13th century ,” Lagle told me.
Who is John Reed?
See Article History. John Reed, (born Oct. 22, 1887, Portland, Ore., U.S.—died Oct. 19, 1920, Moscow), U.S. poet-adventurer whose short life as a revolutionary writer and activist made him the hero of a generation of radical intellectuals.
What happened to John Reed?
Indicted for treason, he escaped to the Soviet Union and died of typhus; he was subsequently buried with other Bolshevik heroes beside the Kremlin wall. Following his death the Communist Party formed many John Reed clubs, associations of writers and artists, in U.S. cities.
Where did Reed spend his summer 1914?
He came to believe much more deeply in class conflict. Reed spent summer 1914 in Provincetown, Massachusetts with Mabel Dodge and her son, putting together Insurgent Mexico and interviewing President Wilson on the subject. The resulting report, much watered down at White House insistence, was not a success.
Where did John Reed live?
A native of Oregon, John Reed made New York City the base of his operations. Reed made his home in Greenwich Village , a burgeoning hub of poets, writers, activists, and artists. He came to love New York, relentlessly exploring it and writing poems about it.
What happened to Reed in 1919?
Indicted for sedition and hoping to secure Comintern backing for the CLP, Reed fled America with a forged passport in early October 1919 on a Scandinavian frigate; he worked his way to Bergen, Norway as a stoker. Given shore leave, he disappeared to Kristiania, crossed into Sweden on October 22, passed through Finland with Ivar Lassy 's help, and made his way to Moscow by train. In the cold winter of 1919–20, he traveled in the region around Moscow, observing factories, communes, and villages. He filled notebooks with his writing and had an affair with a Russian woman.
Where did Reed and Bryant travel?
Traveling by way of Finland, the pair arrived in the capital city of Petrograd immediately after the failed military coup of monarchist General Lavr Kornilov. This was an attempt to topple the Provisional Government of Alexander Kerensky by force of arms. Reed and Bryant found the Russian economy in shambles.
What is the name of the movie that portrayed Reed and Bryant?
trilogy. The 1958 Soviet film In October Days ( Russian: В дни Октября ), directed by Sergei Vasilyev, depicted Reed and Bryant.
Why did Reed and Dodge leave the front?
Reed and Dodge went to London, and Dodge soon left for New York, to Reed's relief. The rest of 1914 he spent drinking with French prostitutes and pursuing an affair with a German woman.
Why did Reed put on the Pageant of the Paterson Strike?
During the same year, following a suggestion made by IWW leader Bill Haywood, Reed put on "The Pageant of the Paterson Strike" in Madison Square Garden as a benefit for the strikers. In the autumn of 1913, Reed was sent to Mexico by the Metropolitan Magazine to report the Mexican Revolution.
Where did John Reed live?
Other Facts. Lived in Buenos Aires from ages 5 to 17 due to his father’s job with Armour & Company. After retiring from Citigroup, Reed and his wife founded the John and Cindy Reed Foundation, which focuses on environmental and educational efforts.
Who is John Reed?
John S. Reed, former co-chairman and co-chief executive officer of Citigroup Inc. , speaks during a meeting in New York, on Thursday, Nov. 8, 2007.
When did Reed become CEO of Citicorp?
June 19, 1984 - Reed is named CEO of Citicorp. 1998 - Citicorp merges with Travelers in a $37 billion deal to become Citigroup Inc. November 9, 1999 - Reed testifies before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs regarding money laundering.
Who is John Reed?
John Shepard Reed is the former chairman of the New York Stock Exchange. He previously served as chairman and CEO of Citicorp, Citibank, and post-merger, Citigroup. He is the past chairman of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 's board of trustees.
What college did Reed go to?
Reed earned his undergraduate degrees in a 3-2 program from Washington and Jefferson College (W& J) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), earning a B.S. from the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1961. He was also a member of Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity while at W&J and MIT.
What did John Reed do in the Army?
Reed was heavily responsible for pushing for the adoption of the ATM around the US, and led Citicorp through a perilous period in the early 1990s.
Why did Reed become CEO of the New York Stock Exchange?
Reed was asked to be interim CEO of the New York Stock Exchange after the Richard Grasso over-compensation scandal. He accepted the job for a $1 salary and set up new governance rules as the NYSE became a public corporation.
When did Reed merge with Travelers Group?
He was approached by Sandy Weill to merge with Travelers Group a year before the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (repealing the Glass–Steagall Act of 1933), allowing banking, insurance and securities companies to merge. The result was Citigroup, where Reed was later ousted in a management shakeup with Weill.
When did Reed leave Citigroup?
Reed's departure was announced in a 28 February 2000 press release. In the aftermath of the November 2008 federal bailout of Citigroup, Reed was described as deeply skeptical of the "Wall Street financial engineering" that led to its collapse and "committed to consumer banking and sound commercial underwriting.".
When did the John Reed Club start?
During the 1932 national convention, the JRCs announced the opening of a "John Reed Club School of Art" in New York City at 450 Sixth Avenue. Classes were to start on November 14, 1932, for Monday evenings and Saturday afternoons. Instruction was open beyond JRC members. Instructors included Hugo Gellert, William Gropper, Louis Lozowick, and William Siegel. One of the students was Norman Lewis, studying from 1933–1935.
Who founded the John Reed Club?
In October 1929, the John Reed Club was founded by eight staff members of the New Masses magazine to support leftist and Marxist artists and writers. They included: Mike Gold, Walt Carmon, William Gropper, Keene Wallis, Hugo Gellert, Morris Pass, and Joseph Pass. According to Alan M. Wald, The John Reed Clubs were not founded by the Communist Party.
How many JRC chapters were there in 1931?
In 1931, there were 13 JRC chapters. Chapters peaked at thirty. From New York, it spread to Chicago, Detroit, San Francisco, Boston, and other cities. The Boston chapter was cofounded by writer Eugene Gordon.
When did the JRC join the Communist Party?
By November 1930, although originally politically independent, the JRC and the New Masses officially affiliated with the Communist Party. This turn coincided with the JRC's participation in the Kharkov Conference of the International Union of Revolutionary Writers (IURW), November 6–15, 1930.
What was the John Reed Club Resolution against war?
The July 1932 issue of the New Masses included the "John Reed Club Resolution Against War," stating its stance against "imminent imperial war," noting that the Soviet Union "stands for peace," and calling on all writers , artists, and professionals to unite "in defense of the first workers' republic, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.".
What did John Reed tell the New Masses?
He told them to "go out and form a club" and "call it the John Reed Club.". The John Reed Clubs would be a constant source of drama within the New Masses family, and members of the Clubs would eventually found the Partisan Review, which became a main competitor to the New Masses. New Masses cover by Hugo Gellert (May 1926)
Who was the JRC in 1930?
In January 1930, Mike Gold described the JRC in the New Masses as a "small group" comprising writers, artists, sculptors, musicians, and dancers "of revolutionary tendencies.". They were already building a clubhouse. Harold Hickerson had a music school with 100 pupils. Gropper and Lozowick taught graphic arts to 30.
Who Invented Golf?
Why Is It called Golf?
Reid finished in tenth place in the 1895 U.S. Open, held on Friday, 4 October, at Newport Golf Club in Newport, Rhode Island. Horace Rawlins won the tournament which was the first playing of the U.S. Open. He won by two strokes ahead of runner-up Willie Dunn. Reid carded rounds of 100-106=206 and did not receive any prize money for his effort.
In October 1900, Reid and Val Fitzjohn took on Harry Vardon in a match at Albany, New York. A col…
How Did Golf Develop Over time?
So, When Did Golf Become Really Big?
Who Are The Key Figures to Know About?
Overview
Early life
- It wasn’t until the 16th century that information on how to play golf appeared in writing. This writing — which appeared in various books in Latin and Dutch — detailed the rules at the time (for example, in putting, the ball had to be struck; merely pushing the ball was forbidden). Golf during this period was mostly played in informal and very friendly games at match play in Scotland, an…
Career
- It wasn’t until the 19th century that golf began to expand in popularity. Its growth, in large part, was due to the Industrial Revolution; the creation and development of the Scottish railway system allowed for English tourists to take the train to Scotland for golf trips and holidays. Historians believe that early versions of golf — such as the aforementioned ball and stick games and early …
Death
- John and Elizabeth Reed are credited with popularizing golf in the United States. John Reed founded the St. Andrew’s Club (one of the founding clubs in the USGA) in Yonkers, New York in 1888. Elizabeth Reed founded Saegkill G.C. for women nearby. According to Lagle, John Reed is a pivotal figure who brought the game from Scotland and truly establis...
Legacy
John "Jack" Silas Reed (October 22, 1887 – October 17, 1920) was an American journalist, poet, and communist activist. Reed first gained prominence as a war correspondent during the Mexican Revolution (for Metropolitan magazine) and World War I (for the magazine The Masses). He is best known for his coverage of the October Revolution in Petrograd, Russia, which he wrote about in his 1919 b…
Bibliography
John Silas Reed was born on October 22, 1887, in his maternal grandparents' mansion in what is now the Goose Hollow neighborhood of Portland, Oregon. His grandmother's household had Chinese servants. Reed wrote of paying a nickel to a "Goose Hollowite" (young toughs in a gang in the working-class neighborhood below King's Hill) to keep from being beaten up. In 2001 a mem…
See also
Reed had determined to become a journalist, and set out to make his mark in New York, a center of the industry. Reed made use of a valuable contact from Harvard, Lincoln Steffens, who was establishing a reputation as a muckraker. He appreciated Reed's skills and intellect at an early date. Steffens landed his young admirer an entry-level position on The American Magazine, where he rea…
Further reading
Reed was determined to return to the United States but fell ill on September 25. At first thought to have influenza, he was hospitalized five days later and diagnosed with spotted typhus. Bryant spent all her time with him, but there were no medicines to be obtained because of the Allied blockade. Reed's mind started to wander; eventually he lost the use of the right side of his body and could no …