What will collective learning look like in the future?
Like a highway overpass looming over older roads, collective learning can blaze along at a much faster rate of speed. We do not yet know where this tremendous capacity for collective learning will lead. It is likely to reveal even higher levels of complexity in the future, if we do not wipe ourselves out.
What is collective learning like a highway overpass?
Like a highway overpass looming over older roads, collective learning can blaze along at a much faster rate of speed. We do not yet know where this tremendous capacity for collective learning will lead.
What is collective learning in human history?
It is a very prominent broad trend that sweeps across all human history. Collective learning to a certain degree distinguishes us as a species; it got us out of Africa and the foraging lifestyle of the Palaeolithic, and underpinned demographic cycles and human progress for over 250,000 years.
Does collective learning increase the level of complexity in the universe?
It would appear that collective learning plays a direct mechanistic role in increasing the level of free energy rate density and also the number of available cultural variations and technological innovations. This raises the level of complexity in the Universe, just as solar, chemical, and biological evolution do.
Why is learning golf important?
Playing golf strengthens the spine and core muscles, and can encourage children to try other sports and activities too. The physical skills they learn in golf, such as hand-eye coordination, can carry over and help them succeed in other sports and develop lifelong healthy exercise habits.
How can I improve my impact in golf?
1:303:46Perfect iron impact position | GolfPass | Golf Channel - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipHere's what i want you to do if you want to finally get that lag shallow club and a lot of shaftMoreHere's what i want you to do if you want to finally get that lag shallow club and a lot of shaft lean at impact go to the top of your swing with just your right arm.
What inspired golf?
While the modern game of golf originated in 15th-century Scotland, the game's ancient origins are unclear and much debated. Some historians trace the sport back to the Roman game of paganica, in which participants used a bent stick to hit a stuffed leather ball.
What are some of the innovations that have occurred in golf?
The 15 best inventions in golf historyThe Molded Golf Ball. ... The Tee. ... The Lawn Mower. ... Steel Shafts. ... Irrigation. ... The Stymie. ... The 14-Club Rule. ... Golf Carts.More items...•
What is impact in golf?
The impact is a point in time in your golf swing that occurs between the downswing and the follow through. Impact is the only golf swing sequence where you actually make contact with the ball, the only chance you have to tell the ball where you want it to go.
How do you train for impact position in golf?
6:1610:11IMPROVE IMPACT POSITION IN GOLF SWING - MAGIC DRILLYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipRather than finish there which will lead to much too much of a downward strike. We're gonna now thisMoreRather than finish there which will lead to much too much of a downward strike. We're gonna now this we're going to finish where the left arm or lead arm higher rotate. It up this way.
Why is golf called golf?
The word 'golf' is not an acronym for anything. Rather, it derives linguistically from the Dutch word 'kolf' or 'kolve,' meaning quite simply 'club. ' In the Scottish dialect of the late 14th or early 15th century, the Dutch term became 'goff' or 'gouff,' and only later in the 16th century 'golf. '
What is the most important part of golf?
Use the big muscles of your legs and trunk to move the little muscles of your arms and hands. So watch the players at impact – they are all the same – and that is the most important part of any golf swing.
Who invented golf?
Charles Blair MacDonald, who attended St. Andrews University and learned the game at the St. Andrews Golf Links, is considered the father of American golf course architects. In 1893, MacDonald built the Chicago Golf Club, which was the country's first 18-hole course.
What is the most important technological advancement in golf?
Sensor technology has helped golfers in a variety of ways. Distance-measuring lasers* instantly inform golfers of the distance required for any shot with a simple point and click. Golfers can also use swing sensors as teaching aids. Swing sensors can attach to gloves or clubs and measure swing speed, tempo and angle.
How has golf evolved over the years?
It is true that golf courses have increased in length over the years. The simple reason for the increase in length is due to golfers being able to drive a ball much farther than they did in years past. In 1980, only six PGA golfers could hit the ball 270 yards from a tee shot.
How have golf clubs changed over the years?
After World War II development of golf clubs were influenced by research into synthetic and composite materials. In the 1960's, fiberglass shafts were tried unsuccessfully. In 1963 the casting method of manufacturing club heads was introduced, making clubs more affordable.
Why is collective learning important?
Collective learning empowers humans in another way, too, because individuals who share information can work together efficiently. In fact, we humans now share information so efficiently that we can collaborate in teams of people stretching across the entire globe. No other creature is capable of teamwork on this scale.
How to share ideas with gestures?
With gestures you can really only exchange ideas about what is right in front of you. To share more complex ideas you need a form of language that can create detailed maps of reality. You need to be able to talk about the future and the past, about distant landscapes and ones that don’t yet exist.
How long has humanity been learning?
Over perhaps 200,000 years, humans have built and stored a vast body of technologies, rituals, stories, and traditions that provide more and more powerful ways of dealing with our surroundings and with each other. That’s why I believe collective learning is the key to understanding human history!
What were the major changes in the twentieth century?
This transition was accompanied by globalization of information, trade, and cultural lifestyles, an increased pluralism of positions, values, and claims, the erosion of trust and confidence in governing bodies, an increased public pressure for participation, and growing polarization between fundamentalist groups and agents of progressive change. The resulting conflicts put pressure on political systems to integrate different outlooks and visions of the future and to provide justifications of governmental decisions on the basis of both facts and values. In this situation, policy-making institutions discovered an urgent need for policy advice, as well as new modes of integrating expertise with values and preferences. Research on advisory processes indicates that the following points will need to be addressed.
What are the factors that influence the negotiation and implementation of international environmental agreements?
Efforts to identify the conditions facilitating or inhibiting the negotiation and implementation of international environmental accords have focused on three broad sets of factors: institutions, actor beliefs and material conditions. There is as yet little consensus on how these factors, singly or in combination, contribute to success or failure. This stems partly from the scarcity, until very recently, of carefully designed comparative case studies, but even more from the use of two very different conceptions about how actors think and choose: a rational choice account, regarding actors as utility maximizers with stable interests focused primarily on material costs and benefits, and a social practices account, regarding actors as developing their understandings of themselves and their interests from membership in a wider society and socialization into its norms, discourses and collective learning processes.
What is a professional learning community?
A PLC in the educational context is defined by Gruenbaum as ‘a community of stakeholders that are all working together, focused on the best interest of the students, where results are measured in student achievement’ (2010: 1). The PLC is an entirely collaborative affair and is forward- focused, targeting areas where improvement is warranted and identifying suitable responses to the challenges that are identified. In her review, Hord (1997) outlines the desirable attributes of PLCs, but in the context of the school system, as with most of the literature on this topic. However, these factors are easily translated to the academic environment and, specifically, to the academic library environment, where we have already identified collaboration as an essential aspect of our operations. The factors are:
How to assess stakeholder participation?
To assess stakeholder participation, health participatory researchers have applied typologies to the level of engagement that stakeholders may have with health researchers. 2,15,29,32,33 The most famous and most cited typology in health was developed by Arnstein. 1 This model consists of eight levels, illustrated by a ladder, ranking different degrees of participation (Manipulation - Therapy - Informing - Consultation - Placation-Partnership - Delegated - Power - Citizen Control). Following Arnstein, 1 a number of similar models for health have been proposed. For example, Cornwall 12 modified the Participatory Rural Appraisal 10 to chart modes of participation (co-option, compliance, consultation, co-operation, co-learning, collective action) and describe the relationship of research and action to the beneficiaries (on, for, for/with, with, with/by, by, respectively). 12,34 In another model, Popay 26 relates the different modes of participation (informing, consultation, co-production, delegated power, community control) to a range of outcomes (service outcomes, intermediate social outcomes, health outcomes). 26,27
What is layered knowledge infrastructure?
Figure 10.1 shows a five-layered infrastructure. The layered knowledge infrastructure exploits tacit and explicit knowledge and utilises managed conversation. At the very heart of this knowledge infrastructure lies a circular tacit verse explicit element arising from the second level, and a managed conversational element at level four. The proposed infrastructure below differs significantly from a technical infrastructure approach as described by some writers, by focusing on the soft, tacit and collaborative elements for a knowledge-focused design. In particular, the Integrated Layered Knowledge Infrastructure creates a separate layer to incorporate a space for distributive content and individual learning, as well as a layer for use of interactive tools for collaborative, collective learning.
Farming Speeds Up the Pace of Collective Learning
When agriculture appeared, history seemed to speed up. Five thousand years after the appearance of agriculture, the number of humans had increased almost 10-fold, from just a few million to almost 50 million. This rapid growth was made possible by an increase in the number of innovations.
Defining Networks
Collective learning was accelerating, but to understand how and why, we need to think about how humans exchange ideas. When several individuals are linked, they form a “network.” Networks appear in many different varieties.
The First Rule About Networks: Size Matters!
It may seem obvious that more ideas can be exchanged if there are more people. But as ideas are shared they often change in subtle ways as different people contribute their own ideas. So the act of sharing can add new information.
Diversity Is As Important As Size
The diversity of people and information in a network is as important as a network’s size. If everyone lives and thinks exactly like everyone else, there won’t be much new information to exchange. But in reality every individual has something new to contribute.
