how many men have cardiac events on golf courses

During the study period, there were 14,666 CAs, of which 40 (0.18%) occurred on 39 golf courses (1 arrest/64 courses/year). Of these, 38 occurred between May and October, yielding a rate of 1 arrest/33.5 courses/golf season. Almost all (96.2%) patients were male, mean age 66.3 (range 45-85), 68% had VT/VF, and 7 arrested after EMS arrival.

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What is the incidence of sudden cardiac death in sports?

In the United States, there are approximately 100 to 150 sudden cardiac deaths (SCD) during competitive sports each year.1 The estimated incidence of SCD among athletes versus non-athletes was found to be 0.44 per 100,000 person-years, and 13 per 100,000 person-years, respectively.1 Despite the higher risk of SCD in the general non-athlete ...

What is the incidence of cardiac arrest in competitive athletes?

The incidence of sudden cardiac arrest during competitive sports was 0.76 cases per 100,000 athlete-years, with 43.8% of the athletes surviving until they were discharged from the hospital. Among the competitive athletes, two deaths were attributed to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and none to arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.

What is the risk of cardiac arrest in men?

About one in nine men will suffer a cardiac arrest before the age of 70, compared to about one in 30 women. At age 45, men have nearly an 11 percent lifetime risk of sudden cardiac death, compared with a 3 percent risk among women of the same age, researchers report.

Are men at greater risk of sudden cardiac death than women?

At age 45, men have nearly an 11 percent lifetime risk of sudden cardiac death, compared with a 3 percent risk among women of the same age, researchers report.

How many people have heart attacks on golf courses?

In the seven years Brannon has worked at the course, about six people have collapsed with heart attacks, he said. Other injuries have been more prevalent, such as people being hit by golf balls, but few have been as life-threatening. There is no official record of heart attacks at the course, Brannon said.

Is golf a cardiovascular activity?

In reality, golf incorporates cardiovascular exercise, strength training, and even balance and coordination. With all of these benefits, it's hard to say no to a game of golf. One of the best parts of golf, from a fitness standpoint, is the high amount of cardiovascular activity that is involved in the sport.

What percentage of males play golf?

77 percentThe numbers Here is some additional demographic information about these 25 million people who played golf on a course in 2020: Around 77 percent are male, leaving female golfers to make up only a little more than 22 percent. A little over 3 million of these people are junior golfers.

What is the average heart rate when playing golf?

The main results were: 1 The mean heart rate of the normal subjects when playing the 18 holes of golf was 106.6 beats/min over 4 h. It was lower in the coronary patients: 99.8 beats/min over 4.05 h.

Why is golf good for your heart?

Health benefits of golf If you walk 18 holes three to five times a week, you'll get an optimal amount of endurance exercise for your heart. If you pull your clubs or carry them, you'll burn even more calories each round and benefit even more. Playing golf regularly can help you: stay fit.

Is golf bad for your body?

Although golf is a low-impact sport, it's associated with several injuries. Many golfing-related injuries are a result of poor mechanics or overuse. The most commonly injured area is the lower back. Other injured areas can include the elbow, wrist and hand, and shoulder.

What is the average age for people who play golf?

The largest percentage of golfers is composed of men between the ages of 18 and 59, and seniors easily outnumber younger players. The average age of golfers in the U.S. is 54 .

What age group plays golf the most?

-- The highest percentage of core golfers came in the 30-39 age group (18.8 percent of all golfers), followed by the 40-49 (17.6) group. There were a larger percentage of golfers under the age of 40 than there were over the age of 50 (47 percent to 35 percent).

What is the average golfer handicap?

1. The average handicap index for men is 14.2. 2. The average handicap index for women is 27.5.

Does golf raise blood pressure?

Golf, which came second in our survey, is a sensible activity choice for most people with hypertension. It has clear cardiovascular benefits, with players walking between four and eight miles over the course of a single game.

How much exercise is 18 holes of golf?

The World Golf Foundation estimates that golfers who walk an 18-hole course clock about 5 miles and burn up to 2,000 calories. But here's the rub: About two-thirds of golf in the U.S. is played in motorized carts. Some resorts and private courses even restrict walking and require carts.

Can you play golf with atrial fibrillation?

In fact, Daoud said there are very few activities he considers off-limits for people with atrial fibrillation. His only rule: "Nothing that makes you grunt," he said, which means heavy weight-lifting is out. But walking, golf, tennis, swimming, biking, even team sports like soccer or basketball may be OK, he said.

How much money has Golf Care donated to Arrhythmia Alliance?

In a bid to improve safety on the golf course, Golf Care has donated £1,000 to the Arrhythmia Alliance and will make further donations to the charity throughout 2019. This money will be spent directly on AEDs for golf clubs.

How do I treat a sudden cardiac arrest?

When someone suffers a sudden cardiac arrest, defibrillation (the administration of an electric shock) together with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the only way to re-establish the heart’s natural rhythm. For every minute that defibrillation is delayed, the victim’s chance of survival decreases by 10%.

How many sudden cardiac deaths are there in the US?

In the United States, there are approximately 100 to 150 sudden cardiac deaths (SCD) during competitive sports each year. 1 The estimated incidence of SCD among athletes versus non-athletes was found to be 0.44 per 100,000 person-years, and 13 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. 1 Despite the higher risk of SCD in the general non-athlete population, SCD among athletes garners intense scrutiny by the media and represents an emotionally charged medical topic. 1 Indeed, the incidence of SCD in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes may be higher than previously thought. 2

What is a competitive athlete?

A competitive athlete is an individual who participates in an organized team or individual sport that requires regular competition against others, places a high premium on excellence and achievement, and requires systematic and usually intense training. 5 All competitive sports are classified on the basis of two exercise components: endurance (the relative intensity of dynamic exercise, numerically described as the percentage of maximal aerobic power) and strength (the relative intensity of static muscle contractions, numerically described as the percentage of maximal voluntary contraction). 6 Most competitive sports require both exercise components at different intensity levels. 6

What causes SCA in athletes?

SCA during sports participation usually occurs as a result of acute ischemia, abrupt hemodynamic change, and/or a surge in sympathetic stimulation in the presence of an underlying cardiovascular abnormality. In competitive athletes younger than 35-years-old, these cardiovascular abnormalities include cardiomyopathy, anomalous coronary arteries, valvular disease, aortic disease, channelopathy, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and commotio cordis. The goal of screening competitive athletes for sports participation is to identify these cardiovascular abnormalities that can potentially cause lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias and SCD. Current guidelines emphasize screening competitive athletes with a comprehensive history and physical examination. Screening competitive athletes with ECGs remains controversial but improvements in training and criteria continue. Regardless of one's stance on screening, emergency action plans must be in place and routinely reviewed at any athletic facility. 43 Calls for large registries of ECG data and outcomes provide opportunities to improve our effort to evaluate and protect all athletes. 4,44

What is the most common non-traumatic cause of SCD in young competitive athletes?

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( HCM) is the single most common non-traumatic cause of SCD in young competitive athletes in the United States. 12,13 HCM is linked to more than 1,500 genetic mutations involving the cardiac sarcomere, which ultimately lead to disorganized cellular architecture. 13-15 Bursts of silent microvascular ischemia result in ventricular myocyte death, replacement fibrosis, and subsequent formation of arrhythmogenic unstable substrate. 13-15 As a result, patients with HCM have an increased risk of lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias. 13-15 The diagnosis of HCM can be established with the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy without chamber dilatation in the absence of another cardiac or systemic disease that can produce the observed magnitude of hypertrophy. 13-15

What causes sudden cardiac arrest?

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) generally occurs as a result of an acute trigger that leads to ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation in the setting of an underlying cardiovascular abnormality that forms an arrhythmogenic substrate . These triggers can include acute myocardial ischemia, abrupt hemodynamic changes, and increased sympathetic stimulation, all of which can be elicited during sports participation.

Why do athletes need to be screened for SCD?

The main goal of screening competitive athletes for sports participation is to identify or raise suspicion of cardiovascular abnormalities that are potentially responsible for SCD on the athletic field. 40 The 2015 Eligibility guidelines and 2016 Interassociation consensus statement recommend screening young competitive athletes with a comprehensive history and physical examination. 4,40 Based on the history and physical examination, the provider can decide if further diagnostic evaluation is warranted. When cardiovascular abnormalities are identified, the next step for the physician is to make eligibility and disqualification decisions for athletes, or to seek expert consultation. 40

How many athletes will travel to Brazil in 2016?

This August, more than 10,500 elite athletes will travel to Brazil and compete in the 2016 Summer Olympics. The International Olympic Committee Medical Commission recommends that the pre-participation evaluation of elite athletes include a medical history, a physical examination, and a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). 3 However, the Committee states that there is insufficient evidence to mandate any specific screening test for elite athletes. 3 Likewise, a recent consensus statement on college student-athletes emphasized the importance of the pre-participation history and physical, emergency action plans, and further research on ECG screening. 4

What are the medical problems of a cardiac arrest patient?

Survivors of cardiac arrest experience multiple medical problems including impaired consciousness and cognitive deficits. As many as 18% of OHCA survivors have moderate to severe functional impairment at hospital discharge.

How many caregivers have anxiety during cardiac arrest?

Among 195 family caregivers of cardiac arrest survivors, anxiety was present in 33 caregivers (25%) and depression in 18 caregivers (14%) at 12 months.

What is the average CPR training rate?

counties was 2.39%, based on data from the AHA, American Red Cross, and the Health & Safety Institute, the largest providers of CPR training in the U.S. Training rates were lower in rural areas, areas with high proportions of black or Hispanic residents, and counties with lower median household incomes.

Is the rate of heart disease declining in 2020?

Data reported in the American Heart Association’s Heart & Stroke Statistics - 2020 Update show heart disease and stroke deaths continue to decline, but that trend has slowed significantly in recent years. Meanwhile, sudden cardiac arrest continues to be a major public health crisis.

Is there a national standard for cardiac arrest?

Despite being a leading cause of death, there are currently no nationwide standards for surve illance to monitor the incidence and outcomes of cardiac arrest. Thus, registries and clinical trials are used to provide best estimates.

How many men have cardiac arrests in 2016?

THURSDAY, June 30, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Men are significantly more likely to have their heart stop suddenly than women are, a new study finds. About one in nine men will suffer a cardiac arrest before the age of 70, compared to about one in 30 women.

Why are men at risk for heart disease?

Men are especially at risk because heart disease tends to develop earlier in men than in women, Lloyd-Jones explained. "We need to get more serious about screening men for risk factors for cardiac arrest," he said. The major risk factors include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes. "Know your numbers, especially your blood ...

Why has the number of cardiac arrests dropped?

However, the number of cardiac arrests has dropped dramatically because more people are controlling their blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar, and have quit smoking , he added. "In our system, over 30 years, the number of cardiac arrests is less than half of what it used to be," Sayre said.

How much less likely are women to have an angiography?

In that study, women treated for cardiac arrest were 25 percent less likely to have an angiography -- imaging to look for blocked heart arteries. Women were also 29 percent less likely to undergo angioplasty, a technique to open blocked arteries, the study found.

What is the difference between men and women when it comes to cardiac arrest?

Women who survive cardiac arrest are less likely than men to get aggressive lifesaving care at the hospital, those researchers reported.

What is the difference between cardiac arrest and heart attack?

Many people confuse cardiac arrest with a heart attack, which is when part of the heart is damaged after being deprived of oxygen , usually because of a blocked artery. Cardiac arrest is the sudden and complete stoppage of the heart. The findings were published June 29 in the Journal of the American Heart Association.

What are the risk factors for heart disease?

The major risk factors include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes. "Know your numbers, especially your blood pressure, but also know your cholesterol or whether you have diabetes ," he said. "At 50, men should also have a baseline electrocardiogram, which might reveal heart problems.". ...

Why do private golf courses stop discriminating?

While their membership policies are permissible under federal law, private clubs that discriminate must still be mindful of how their business operations can jeopardize their immunity from legal scrutiny.

Why is exclusivity important in golf?

The exclusivity of private golf courses’ membership is crucial to understanding their capacity to exclude women in the face of civil rights laws

Why are private clubs denied membership?

To that end, some denied memberships on the basis of ethnicity or religion, including rejection of applicants because they are Catholic, Jewish or Muslim. The same is true of race.

What is a private membership club?

A private membership club, as it is sometimes called, is one that is explicitly not open to the public. This type of club also determines—and is expected to provide clear notice of—specific criteria for membership. Such criteria must be ostensibly relevant to the club’s purpose.

Why are private clubs important?

Private clubs have been valued over the years. Many have helped men and women build friendships and cultivate lasting personal and professional relationships. An organization being a “private club” should not automatically invite suspicion or scorn.

Which amendment protects private clubs?

Second, the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects private clubs. The First Amendment is often cited in the context of free speech, particularly with respect to an individual person’s right to say what he or she would like and not fear government persecution.

Do clubs discriminate?

As a starting point, the fact that clubs are private businesses does not, on its own, authorize them to discriminate. The federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion and national origin. In the context of employment, Title VII of the Act also prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex.

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