What compass was used in WW2?
German WWII marching compass. Breithaupt and Busch. Fernando SCHLACHT (who lived via Farneli, 10 in Milano, Italy) filed in 1938 and 1940 two patents on the base of which this compass was built. This compass also resembles WINTERER 's compass design (SURVEY compasses).
What is the purpose of a military compass?
A military compass that was used during World War I. The magnetic compass is the most familiar compass type. It functions as a pointer to "magnetic north", the local magnetic meridian, because the magnetized needle at its heart aligns itself with the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field.
What was the first compass made of?
The first compasses in ancient Han dynasty China were made of lodestone, a naturally magnetized ore of iron. The compass was later used for navigation during the Song Dynasty of the 11th century.
When was the first compass used for navigation?
A number of early cultures used lodestones, suspended so they could turn, as magnetic compasses for navigation. Early mechanical compasses are referenced in written records of the Chinese, who began using it for navigation sometime between the 9th and 11th century, "some time before 1050, possibly as early as 850."
Was GPS used in the Gulf War?
The GPS devices would enable commanders of M1 Abrams tanks and Bradley Fighting Vehicles to get their exact location. During the Gulf War, the GPS devices were in short supply. "The Kuwait war was the first combat use of the system, and it was hugely successful.
What technology was used in the Gulf War?
Operation Desert Storm involved the combat debut of stealth technology, GPS for navigation, missile warning systems, more advanced surveillance plane radar, and large amounts of precision-focused laser-guided bombs, Maj. Gen.
What weapons were used during the Gulf War?
Infantry weaponsM14 Rifle.M16A1.M16A2.CAR-15.M60 machine gun.M3 submachine gun.Heckler & Koch MP5.M249.More items...
Who used the magnetic compass?
The magnetic compass was first invented as a device for divination as early as the Chinese Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty (since about 206 BC). The compass was used in Song Dynasty China by the military for navigational orienteering by 1040–44, and was used for maritime navigation by 1111 to 1117.
What new weapon technologies were used for the first time by America during the Persian Gulf War?
GPS was also at the heart of new artillery weapons including the Army Tactical Missile System, which debuted during the Gulf War, had a range of about 270 kilometers and used Navstar satellite guidance to home in on its targets.
What new technology was used in the Iraq war?
U.S. troops were supported by unprecedented technology deployment. During the war, hundreds of aircraft- and satellite-mounted motion sensors, heat detectors, and image and communications eavesdroppers hovered above Iraq. The four armed services coordinated their actions as never before.
What was Gulf War Syndrome?
A prominent condition affecting Gulf War Veterans is a cluster of medically unexplained chronic symptoms that can include fatigue, headaches, joint pain, indigestion, insomnia, dizziness, respiratory disorders, and memory problems.
What chemical is in Desert Storm?
Iraqi Chemical Agents. The primary Iraqi chemical agents available for release at the time of Desert Storm were the blister agent sulfur mustard; the mixed nerve agents sarin and “cyclosarin” (also known as GB and GF, respectively); and the riot control agent CS—all well-known compounds.
Was the M4 used in the Gulf War?
Owing to experience from the 1991 Gulf War, the Army gave Colt its first production contracts for M4 carbines in May and July 1993, and M4A1 carbines for SOCOM operators in February 1994.
What is lensatic compass?
Definition of lensatic compass : a magnetic compass having a magnifying lens for reading the compass scale.
What type of magnetic compass was used by Columbus?
Answer. One hundred years later, these magnetic compasses were used aboard European ships. As noted in Voyagers, Columbus used a magnetic compass on his first trans-Atlantic trip. Columbus discovered, through his compass sightings, that the North Star (Polaris) was not exactly due north.
Is the magnetic compass still used today?
Today magnetic compass is still used for orientation and navigation but it has more modern look than its predecessors and it is made from modern materials.
What is SRB compass?
Abbreviation of the company's name Srb & Štys Praha, (see also survey compass SRB ). Former Czechoslovakian manufacturer created in 1919 who produced in the 1930's-40's a Bézard -type compass. The same instrument was also produced later by MEOPTA (new name of SŠP after WWII).
What is the German word for orienteering?
The German word Wehrsport designates paramilitary exercices (orienteering, shooting, fighting etc.) for youth organisations in Nazi-Germany like the Hitler-Jugend . A series of 13 specific documents called WEHRSPORTTAFELN (link to list) existed explaining how to use various tools for orienteering tasks like the compass (no. 8 "Orientierung", see BUSCH compasses) and the square protractor or Romer scale (no. 12 "Planzeiger" - photocopies avlbl. in our SHOP).
When was the Stanley G150 made?
The compass type G150 was designed in the early 1970's and produced until the late 1990's. As per 1999, only a few batches were made to special order by SIRS Ltd. (see article above). The Stanley name has been discarded and the compass is now the SIRS G150. The Stanley G150 Marching Compass is very famous.
What does T.G. mean?
T.G. Co. Ltd. was the abbreviation used by The Gramophone Company. This firm merged with its subsidiary His Master's Voice (2/3) and with Columbia Graphophone Co. (1/3) in 1931 to become EMI (Electric & Musical Industries) who continued to use “The Gramophone Co.” trademark for various items, changing it for the War contracts to just T.G. Co. Ltd.
What does FXN stand for?
fxn doesn't appear in the List of the 3-letter codes of the German manufacturers who supplied military materiels during WWII but it is said that it stands for Schieck-Instrumente, Wilhelm Wolkersdorf, Elektrische Geräte (source: Militariafundforum ).
Who made the compass for Lewis and Clark?
Thomas Whitney was a British instrument maker who emigrated to Philadelphia, PA. U.S.A. before 1798 (several addresses are known). He made the compasses used by Lewis and Clark during their expedition from Saint Louis to the Pacific Coast from 1804 to 1806 ( link to Wikipedia ). The National Museum of American History (NMAH) claims that the (pocket surveying !) compass that they display was probably carried on the Lewis and Clark Expedition. In a very comprehensive study it is said that "... in addition to a plain surveying compass with ball and socket joint ( see ad below) Lewis purchased one silver-coated [pocket compass] and three others of brass." This relates probably to the chapter ring and not the case. The only ones we know of feature a wooden case. The large one of the NMAH features two short sighting vanes placed slightly off axis. Whitney also signed a smaller version without vanes.
When was the Meiser & Mertig instrument made?
PROFILE - This instrument was made by Meiser & Mertig in 1924 (engraved on rear face on top of the cities list). It is probably not connected to the motorcycles of the same name.
What is the most common type of compass?
Magnetic compass . The magnetic compass is the most familiar compass type. It functions as a pointer to " magnetic north ", the local magnetic meridian, because the magnetized needle at its heart aligns itself with the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field.
Why do compasses have to be balanced?
Because the Earth's magnetic field's inclination and intensity vary at different latitudes, compasses are often balanced during manufacture so that the dial or needle will be level, eliminating needle drag which can give inaccurate readings. Most manufacturers balance their compass needles for one of five zones, ranging from zone 1, covering most of the Northern Hemisphere, to zone 5 covering Australia and the southern oceans. This individual zone balancing prevents excessive dipping of one end of the needle which can cause the compass card to stick and give false readings.
How reliable is a magnetic compass?
The magnetic compass is very reliable at moderate latitudes , but in geographic regions near the Earth's magnetic poles it becomes unusable. As the compass is moved closer to one of the magnetic poles, the magnetic declination, the difference between the direction to geographical north and magnetic north, becomes greater and greater. At some point close to the magnetic pole the compass will not indicate any particular direction but will begin to drift. Also, the needle starts to point up or down when getting closer to the poles, because of the so-called magnetic inclination. Cheap compasses with bad bearings may get stuck because of this and therefore indicate a wrong direction.
Why is the local magnetic declination given on most maps?
The local magnetic declination is given on most maps, to allow the map to be oriented with a compass parallel to true north. The locations of the Earth's magnetic poles slowly change with time, which is referred to as geomagnetic secular variation.
Why does a compass needle turn?
When the compass is held level, the needle turns until, after a few seconds to allow oscillations to die out, it settles into its equilibrium orientation.
What are the different types of compasses?
Apart from navigational compasses, other specialty compasses have also been designed to accommodate specific uses. These include: 1 Qibla compass, which is used by Muslims to show the direction to Mecca for prayers. 2 Optical or prismatic compass, most often used by surveyors, but also by cave explorers, foresters, and geologists. These compasses generally use a liquid-damped capsule and magnetized floating compass dial with an integral optical sight, often fitted with built-in photoluminescent or battery-powered illumination. Using the optical sight, such compasses can be read with extreme accuracy when taking bearings to an object, often to fractions of a degree. Most of these compasses are designed for heavy-duty use, with high-quality needles and jeweled bearings, and many are fitted for tripod mounting for additional accuracy. 3 Trough compasses, mounted in a rectangular box whose length was often several times its width, date back several centuries. They were used for land surveying, particularly with plane tables.
What is a compass?
A compass is a device that shows the cardinal directions used for navigation and geographic orientation. It commonly consists of a magnetized needle or other element, such as a compass card or compass rose, which can pivot to align itself with magnetic north.
What is a dry mariner's compass?
The dry mariner's compass consists of three elements: A freely pivoting needle on a pin enclosed in a little box with a glass cover and a wind rose, whereby "the wind rose or compass card is attached to a magnetized needle in such a manner that when placed on a pivot in a box fastened in line with the keel of the ship the card would turn as the ship changed direction, indicating always what course the ship was on". Later, compasses were often fitted into a gimbal mounting to reduce grounding of the needle or card when used on the pitching and the rolling deck of a ship.
What type of compass did the Chinese use?
The typical Chinese navigational compass was in the form of a magnetic needle floating in a bowl of water. According to Needham, the Chinese in the Song Dynasty and continuing Yuan Dynasty did make use of a dry compass, although this type never became as widely used in China as the wet compass.
What is the angle of a compass?
The angle increases in the clockwise position. North corresponds to 0°, so east is 90°, south is 180° and west is 270°. The compass was invented more than 2000 years ago. The first compasses were made of lodestone, a naturally magnetized stone of iron, in Han dynasty China (20 BC – 20 AD).
What is the meaning of the compass in the Song Dynasty?
A compass is a magnetometer used for navigation and orientation that shows direction in regards to the geographic cardinal points. For the structure of the compass, it will show the diagram called compass rose in showing the 4 main directions: East (E), South (S), West (W) and North (N).
What is the origin of the magnetic compass?
The compass is mentioned in fourth-century AD Tamil nautical books; moreover, its early name of macchayantra (fish machine) suggest a Chinese origin. In its Indian form, the wet compass often consisted of a fish-shaped magnet, float in a bowl filled with oil. This fish shape is due to its name, which is composed of the words maccha meaning fish and yantra meaning device.
What is the instrument made of willow wood?
One instrument is a “fish” made of willow wood or pumpkin, into which a magnetic needle is inserted and sealed with tar or wax to prevent the penetration of water. The other instrument is a dry compass . Navigational sailor 's compass rose, 1607.
What is an artifact?
The artifact is part of a polished hematite bar with a groove at one end, possibly used for sighting. Carlson's claims have been disputed by other scientific researchers, who have suggested that the artifact is actually a constituent piece of a decorative ornament and not a purposely built compass.
cnosil
Can somebody please explain to me why the USGA is against Bryson using a compass during a tournament? Do they know what a compass is and what it does? It shows direction, N, S, E, W and combinations thereof. It doesn't show DISTANCE, SLOPE OF THE GROUND, SPEED OF THE PUTTING SURFACE or WIND SPEED. Bryson is a science nerd.
DaveP043
Can somebody please explain to me why the USGA is against Bryson using a compass during a tournament? Do they know what a compass is and what it does? It shows direction, N, S, E, W and combinations thereof. It doesn't show DISTANCE, SLOPE OF THE GROUND, SPEED OF THE PUTTING SURFACE or WIND SPEED. Bryson is a science nerd.
cnosil
He was not using a magnetic compass, he was using a drawing compass. As such, the compass was deemed to be "unusual equipment" in 2018, nearly 3 years ago. He can use the compass to measure distances and/or draw circles in his yardage and green-reading books to measure things more precisely than otherwise would be possible.
Slypanther
How can use of a drawing compass be different than most yardage books that have that as a integral feature reprinted? If he makes the drawing prior to the start of the tourney, it is no different than markers that are off the fairway in the "just in case" yardages in a yardage book.
cnosil
How can use of a drawing compass be different than most yardage books that have that as a integral feature reprinted? If he makes the drawing prior to the start of the tourney, it is no different than markers that are off the fairway in the "just in case" yardages in a yardage book.
What was the lensatic compass?
The Lensatic Compass became the standard issue compass during World War II. As the successor to the M-1938 Prismatic Compass, the Lensatic Compass was simpler and cheaper to manufacture. In the U.S. military, it also replaced all the pocket watch type compasses before the end of World War II. For more information, see the Olive-Drab page on ...
What is a compass watch?
The Compass, Watch-Type was in common use in the U.S. military starting before World War I. From the outside, the compass has the appearance of a pocket watch. They were often made for the government by watch manufacturers such as Wittnauer and Waltham in addition to instrument makers such as Keuffel & Esser, S&W, Iszard Warren, or Taylor. The case was most often brass but nickel or chrome plated cases were also procured.
What was the first wrist compass?
Airborne troops in World War II were issued a Bakelite plastic wrist compass with a brown leather adjustable band. This was the first plastic wrist compass, as further discussed on the Olive-Drab.com page on Wrist Compasses.
What is a watch type compass?
Compass, Watch-Type was among the contents of the U.S. Army Air Force pilot's emergency kit which fits into the back pad of a parachute. In addition to the compass, it contains, among other things, concentrated food, emergency ration, a frying pan, knife, lighter, pistol and ammunition, gloves, and insecticide in a compact form.
Who made the compass?
From the outside, the compass has the appearance of a pocket watch. They were often made for the government by watch manufacturers such as Wittnauer and Waltham in addition to instrument makers such as Keuffel & Esser, S&W, Iszard Warren, or Taylor.
What Italian unit was largely mechanized?
Only one Italian unit was largely mechanized, the Maletti Group, which possessed trucks and a variety of light armor. On September 13, 1940, Graziani gave into Mussolini's demand and attacked into Egypt with seven divisions as well as the Maletti Group.
How did Operation Compass affect the war?
The ten weeks of Operation Compass succeeded in pushing the Tenth Army out of Egypt and eliminating it as a fighting force. During the campaign the Italians lost around 3,000 killed and 130,000 captured, as well as approximately 400 tanks and 1,292 artillery pieces. West Desert Force's losses were limited to 494 dead and 1,225 wounded. A crushing defeat for the Italians, the British failed to exploit the success of Operation Compass as Churchill ordered the advance stopped at El Agheila and began pulling out troops to aid in the defense of Greece. Later that month, the German Afrika Korps began deploying to the area radically changing the course of the war in North Africa . This would lead to fighting back and forth with Germans winning at places such as Gazala before being halted at First El Alamein and crushed at Second El Alamein .
How many men were in the Beda Fomm?
Christened Combe Force, for its commander Lieutenant Colonel John Combe, it was composed of around 2,000 men. As it was intended to move quickly, Creagh limited its armor support to light and Cruiser tanks.
What was the goal of O'Connor's new plan?
Learning of this, O'Connor devised a new plan with the goal of destroying the Tenth Army. With the Australians pushing the Italians back along the coast, he detached Major General Sir Michael Creagh's 7th Armoured Division with orders to turn inland, cross the desert, and take Beda Fomm before the Italians arrived.
When did Creagh take Beda Fomm?
As it was intended to move quickly, Creagh limited its armor support to light and Cruiser tanks. Rushing forward, Combe Force took Beda Fomm on February 4. After establishing defensive positions facing north up the coast, they came under heavy attack the next day.
How many tanks did Combe hold off?
For two days, Combe's 2,000 men held off 20,000 Italians supported by over 100 tanks. On February 7, 20 Italian tanks managed to break into the British lines but were defeated by Combe's field guns.
Why did O'Connor plan Operation Compass?
To counter the Italian advance, O'Connor planned Operation Compass which was designed to push the Italians out of Egypt and back into Libya as far as Benghazi.
