What does the your represent?
Two different users can mean different things for their R groups depending on what they are trying to depict. In a reaction, it usually means an inert group. In a discussion of chirality, it may simply mean a group different from the others. In general, R = a general unimportant functional group.
What are some good R?
Volkswagen has always set the bar for practical hot hatchbacks. The Golf GTI did it first and then the dial got turned up to 11 with the Golf R. Now, an all-new version is out and Doug DeMuro is diving into all of its quirks and features. It turns out that while the car is better than the last one, it's still got some pretty lackluster features.
What are the classes in R?
- Vectors
- Lists
- Matrices
- Arrays
- Factors
- Data Frames
What are the factors of R?
Vectors and Factors in R
- Introduction. In this guide, we're going to talk about vectors and factors. In short, a vector is a list of atomic values, and a factor is a list of vectors.
- Vectors. These are the most basic data objects in R. ...
- Factors. Factors enjoy widespread popularity in statistical modeling and analysis. ...
- Conclusion
What is the R slur on TikTok?
The R-Slur is slang for the word 'retard' or 'retarded', and a number of videos have recently emerged that see TikTok users warning against the use of the word, fearing that it has been normalised on social media.
How do you test for mental retardation?
Wechsler Scales The Wechsler and Binet scales remain the two dominant, language-loaded, individually administered intelligence tests used for the diagnosis of mental retardation in the United States.
What does Rosa law state?
Known as “Rosa's Law,” the law removes the terms "mental retardation" and "mentally retarded" from federal health, education and labor policy and replaces them with people first language “individual with an intellectual disability” and “intellectual disability.”
Is ADHD mental retardation?
Abstract. Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common condition in children with mental retardation (MR), with a prevalence rate of between 4 and 15%.
What causes retardation?
Causes of mental retardation include fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effect; brain damage caused by the use of prescription or illegal drugs during pregnancy; brain injury and disease; and genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome.
What is the current term for mental retardation?
In the United States, a federal statute (Public Law 111-256, Rosa's law) replaces the term 'mental retardation' with 'intellectual disability' and requires that person first language be used when referring to those affected in all federal laws. Rosa's law is indicative of the sentiment for change.
What does it mean to have a borderline IQ?
The term borderline intellectual functioning describes a group of people who function on the border between normal intellectual functioning and intellectual disability, between 1 and 2 standard deviations below the mean on the normal curve of the distribution of intelligence, roughly an IQ between 70 and 85.
What is Rosa law last name?
The law is named for Rosa Marcellino, a girl with Down Syndrome who was nine years old when it became law, and who, according to President Barack Obama, "worked with her parents and her siblings to have the words 'mentally retarded' officially removed from the health and education code in her home state of Maryland."
How early can you detect mental retardation?
Severe cases of ID may be diagnosed soon after birth. However, you might not realize your child has a milder form of ID until they fail to meet common developmental goals. Almost all cases of ID are diagnosed by the time a child reaches 18 years of age.
At what age do symptoms of mental retardation begin to appear?
The onset of the condition occurs during the developmental period, i.e., gestation through age 18 years. Mental retardation comprises five general categories: borderline, mild, moderate, severe and profound.
What are the symptoms of mild retardation?
What are the signs of intellectual disability in children?Rolling over, sitting up, crawling, or walking late.Talking late or having trouble with talking.Slow to master things like potty training, dressing, and feeding themselves.Difficulty remembering things.Inability to connect actions with consequences.More items...•
What are the symptoms of mental retardation?
Lack of training in socially responsible behavior.Inconsistent limit setting.Reinforcement of faulty behavior.Impaired ability to communicate.Discomfort due to coexisting physical problems and mental health disorders such as depression or anxiety.
What is R in computer?
R is an interpreted language; users typically access it through a command-line interpreter. If a user types 2+2 at the R command prompt and presses enter, the computer replies with 4, as shown below:
What is R in computer science?
R is a programming language and free software environment for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Core Team and the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. The R language is widely used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical software and data analysis.
What is R data structure?
Like languages such as APL and MATLAB, R supports matrix arithmetic. R's data structures include vectors, matrices, arrays, data frames (similar to tables in a relational database) and lists. Arrays are stored in column-major order. R's extensible object system includes objects for (among others): regression models, time-series and geo-spatial coordinates. R has no scalar data type. Instead, a scalar is represented as a length-one vector.
What is statistical R?
R and its libraries implement various statistical and graphical techniques, including linear and nonlinear modeling, classical statistical tests , spatial and time-series analysis, classification, clustering, and others. R is easily extensible through functions and extensions, and its community is noted for contributing packages. Many of R's standard functions are written in R, which makes it easy for users to follow the algorithmic choices made. For computationally intensive tasks, C, C++, and Fortran code can be linked and called at run time. Advanced users can write C, C++, Java, .NET or Python code to manipulate R objects directly. R is highly extensible through the use of packages for specific functions and specific applications. Due to its S heritage, R has stronger object-oriented programming facilities than most statistical computing languages. Extending it is facilitated by its lexical scoping rules.
What is the R software environment?
The official R software environment is a GNU package. It is written primarily in C, Fortran, and R itself (partially self-hosting) and is available under the GNU General Public License. Precompiled executables are provided for various operating systems. It has a command line interface. Multiple third-party graphical user interfaces are available, such as RStudio, an integrated development environment; and Jupyter, a notebook interface .
What is R used for?
R is a programming language and free software environment for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Core Team and the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. The R language is widely used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical software and data analysis.
When was S created?
S was created by John Chambers in 1976 while at Bell Labs. A commercial version of S was offered as S-PLUS starting in 1988. Much of the code written for S-PLUS runs unaltered in R. In 1991 Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, began an alternative implementation of the basic S language, ...
What is the R number in the UK?
The R number is not fixed. Instead, it changes as our behaviour changes or as immunity develops.
How is R calculated?
You can't capture the moment people are infected. Instead, scientists work backwards.
What is the R number in Scotland?
Scotland's estimated R number is between 0.8 and 1.0, up slightly on the previous week.
What happens if the R value is below one?
If the R-value is above one then the number of cumulative cases takes off, but if it is below one then eventually the outbreak stops. The further below one, the faster that happens.
What is the R of the sage?
The latest R estimate from the government's scientific advisory group Sage, is between 0.7 and 0.9, up slightly from the week before.
What is the R number for measles?
R is the number of people that one infected person will pass on a virus to, on average. Measles has an R number of 15 in populations without immunity. That means, on average, one person will spread measles to 15 others.
What does the letter R mean in English?
The letter ⟨r⟩ is used to form the ending "-re", which is used in certain words such as centre in some varieties of English spelling, such as British English. Canadian English also uses the "-re" ending, unlike American English, where the ending is usually replaced by "-er" ( center ).
When was the letter R written?
The descending stroke of the Latin letter R has fully developed by the 3rd century BC, as seen in the Tomb of the Scipios sarcophagus inscriptions of that era. From around 50 AD, the letter P would be written with its loop fully closed, assuming the shape formerly taken by R .
What is a trilled R?
A good example of a trilled R is in the Spanish word for dog, perro. In William Shakespeare 's Romeo and Juliet, such a reference is made by Juliet's nurse in Act 2, scene 4, when she calls the letter R "the dog's name". The reference is also found in Ben Jonson 's English Grammar.
What is the R word?
The R-word, also known as the R-slur, is a hurtful term that remains prevalent throughout social media, according to a Kantar Social Listening study. The research shows that when social media users are posting about people with intellectual disabilities, 7 in every 10 of those posts are negative, and 6 in 10 contain a slur.
When was the R word invented?
While “mental retardation” was originally introduced as a medical term in 1961 for people with intellectual disabilities, in the decades since, the R-word has become an insult used all too commonly in everyday language.
How many people will use the R word in 2020?
As of September 2020, more than 820,000 people around the world have taken the pledge online to end the use of the R-word, and millions more have signed banners and petitions. You can help people with intellectual disabilities feel included, accepted, and embraced for who they are.
What is Rosa's law?
Rosas Law. In 2010, President Barack Obama signed “ Rosa’s Law ,” which changed “mental retardation” to “intellectual disability” in U.S. federal law. Inspired by 9-year-old Rosa Marcellino, the law was a key milestone to promoting inclusive, people-first language. As the world engages in an intense conversation about the importance of inclusion, ...
Is the R word bullying?
Spreading the R-word continues to hurt people with intellectual disabilities—and whether intended or not, is a form of bullying. Using the R-word is the same as using any slur against a minority group. Eliminating this word is a step toward respect for all. Take Action To End the R-Word.
What is the R number?
The R number is a key factor in gauging the coronavirus pandemic. It refers to the 'effective reproduction number' of COVID-19. An R value of 1 is a crucial threshold.
What does R mean in a virus?
R refers to the “effective reproduction number” and, basically put, it’s a way of measuring an infectious disease’s capacity to spread. The R number signifies the average number of people that one infected person will pass the virus to. The R number isn’t fixed, but can be affected by a range of factors, including not just how infectious ...
Why do we need an R of less than 1?
As the UK government explained in the video that accompanied its press briefing on 30 April, an R figure that is even slightly over 1 can lead quickly to a large number of cases thanks to exponential growth.
What does a R of 0.5 mean?
An R of 0.5 means that 100 people would infect only 50, who would infect 25, who would infect 13. As the number of cases drops and ill people either die or recover, the virus will be brought under control – as long as the R can be kept low.
What happens if R is above 1?
If R sneaks above 1 even a fraction, it could trigger a damaging second wave of the virus.
How much did R drop in Germany during lockdown?
Lockdown helped drop Germany’s R down to about 0.7 in early April, but researchers at the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin said it had recently increased back to 0.9, before sinking again to 0.75. Even within lockdown, if people start losing patience with restrictions or need to go out to work, R could quickly rise again.
What is the best weapon in the fight to reduce R?
Ultimately, the best weapon in the fight to reduce R is a vaccine. But exactly when this will be available – or indeed if it will ever happen at all – is currently unclear.
The R-word
Finally! 38 years after George Carlin's comedy routine, "The Seven Words You Can't Say on Television", the eighth word has been born. The R-word stands for "Retard" which is now banned thanks to state house rallies in Massachusetts, Indiana and Ohio.
r-word
It's Retard you fucking snowflakes if you just erase it from existence and keep calling it the r-slur or r-word then people won't know what to not say or what offends people
r word pass
A pass that allows use of the word retard, primarily given by autistic people.
What is R2 in regression?
R2: The proportion of the variance in the response variable that can be explained by the predictor variable in the regression model.
What is the value of R2?
Note that the value for R2 ranges between 0 and 1. The closer the value is to 1, the stronger the relationship between the predictor variable (s) and the response variable.
What are the two terms that students often get confused in statistics?
Two terms that students often get confused in statistics are R and R-squared, often written R2.
Overview
R is a programming language for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Core Team and the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Created by statisticians Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman, R is used among data miners, bioinformaticians and statisticians for data analysis and developing statistical software. Users have created packages to augment the functions of the R lang…
History
R is an open-source implementation of the S programming language combined with lexical scoping semantics from Scheme, which allow objects to be defined in predetermined blocks rather than the entirety of the code. S was created by Rick Becker, John Chambers, Doug Dunn, Jean McRae, and Judy Schilling at Bell Labs around 1976. Designed for statistical analysis, the language is an interpreted language whose code could be directly run without a compiler. Many programs writte…
Features
R's data structures include vectors, arrays, lists, and data frames. Vectors are ordered collections of values and can be mapped to arrays of one or more dimensions in a column major order. That is, given an ordered collection of dimensions, one fills in values along the first dimension first, then fill in one-dimensional arrays across the second dimension, and so on. R supports array arithmetics and in this regard is like languages such as APL and MATLAB. The special case of an array with t…
Packages
R's capabilities are extended through user-created packages, which offer statistical techniques, graphical devices, import/export, reporting (RMarkdown, knitr, Sweave), etc. These packages and their easy installation and use has been cited as driving the language's widespread adoption in data science. The packaging system is also used by researchers to organize research data, code and report files in a systematic way for sharing and archiving.
Interfaces
Various applications can be used to edit or run R code.
Early developers preferred to run R via the command line console, succeeded by those who prefer an IDE. IDEs for R include (in alphabetical order) Rattle GUI, R Commander, RKWard, RStudio, and Tinn-R. R is also supported in multi-purpose IDEs such as Eclipse via the StatET plugin, and Visual Studio via the R Tools for Visual Studio. Of these, RStudio is the most common…
Implementations
The main R implementation is written in R, C, and Fortran. Several other implementations aimed at improving speed or increasing extensibility. A closely related implementation is pqR (pretty quick R) by Radford M. Neal with improved memory management and support for automatic multithreading. Renjin and FastR are Java implementations of R for use in a Java Virtual Machine. CXXR, rho, and Riposte are implementations of R in C++. Renjin, Riposte, and pqR attempt to im…
Communities
R has local communities worldwide for users to network, share ideas, and learn.
A growing number of R events bring users together, such as conferences (e.g. useR!, WhyR?, conectaR, SatRdays), meetups, as well as R-Ladies groups that promote gender diversity. The R Foundation taskforce focuses on women and other under-represented groups.
useR! conferences
The official annual gathering of R users is called "useR!". The first such event was useR! 2004 in May 2004, Vienna, Austria. After skipping 2005, the useR! conference has been held annually, usually alternating between locations in Europe and North America. History:
• useR! 2006, Vienna, Austria
• useR! 2007, Ames, Iowa, US
Overview
R, or r, is the eighteenth letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Its name in English is ar , plural ars, or in Ireland or /ˈɔːr/.
The letter ⟨r⟩ is the eighth most common letter in English and the fourth-most common consonant (after ⟨t⟩, ⟨n⟩, and ⟨s⟩).
The letter ⟨r⟩ is used to form the ending "-re", which is used in certain words such as centre in so…
Name
The name of the letter in Latin was er (/ɛr/), following the pattern of other letters representing continuants, such as F, L, M, N and S. This name is preserved in French and many other languages. In Middle English, the name of the letter changed from /ɛr/ to /ar/, following a pattern exhibited in many other words such as farm (compare French ferme) and star (compare German Stern).
History
The original Semitic letter may have been inspired by an Egyptian hieroglyph for tp, "head". It was used for /r/ by Semites because in their language, the word for "head" was rêš (also the name of the letter). It developed into Greek 'Ρ' ῥῶ (rhô) and Latin R.
The descending diagonal stroke develops as a graphic variant in some Wester…
Pronunciation and use
⟨r⟩ represents a rhotic consonant in many languages, as shown in the table below.
Other languages may use the letter ⟨r⟩ in their alphabets (or Latin transliterations schemes) to represent rhotic consonants different from the alveolar trill. In Haitian Creole, it represents a sound so weak that it is often written interchangeably with ⟨w⟩, e.g. 'Kweyol' for 'Kreyol'.
Brazilian Portuguese has a great number of allophones of /ʁ/ such as [χ], [h], [ɦ], [x], [ɣ], [ɹ] and [r], …
Related characters
• R with diacritics: Ŕ ŕ Ɍ ɍ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṙ ṙ Ȑ ȑ Ȓ ȓ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ Ṟ ṟ Ꞧ ꞧ Ɽ ɽ R̃ r̃ ᵲ ꭨ ᵳ ᶉ
• International Phonetic Alphabet-specific symbols related to R: ɹ ɺ ɾ ɻ ɽ ʀ ʁ ʶ ˞ ʴ
• Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet: ɼ ɿ
See also
• Guttural R
External links
• Media related to R at Wikimedia Commons
• The dictionary definition of R at Wiktionary
• The dictionary definition of r at Wiktionary